Definition: One of the elemental alloisomers of carbon. It has a face-centered cubic structure. Each carbon atom forms a covalent bond with the other 4 carbon atoms via an sp3 hybrid orbital to form a regular tetrahedron, which is a typical atom. Crystal. It has excellent physical properties such as super-hardness, wear resistance, heat conduction, and semiconductor.
Diamonds are classified into gem-grade diamonds and industrial diamonds according to their quality and use. Gem-grade diamond is the diamond we know well, and it is one of the precious, rare and dazzling gems. Diamond combines many excellent properties, such as extremely high hardness (Moss hardness of 10), ultra-high thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity at room temperature up to 3200 W/m?K), and large forbidden band width (5.45eV) ) And extremely high carrier mobility (electron mobility can reach 4500cm2·V-1·s-1) and so on.
Diamonds can be divided into natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds according to their sources, and can be divided into four levels: tool level, thermal level, optical level and electronic level according to material quality and use. Tool-grade diamond has extremely high application value in the fields of ultra-precision machining, aerospace, drilling, and ultra-high pressure physics; thermal-grade diamond has become a satellite heat sink material and chip heat dissipation field due to its ultra-high thermal conductivity and insulation. Rookie; optical-grade diamond has an ultra-wide transmission band from ultraviolet to far-infrared and even microwaves, making it an ideal window material for high-power lasers, microwave equipment and large-flux light sources; electronic-grade diamond is known as the "ultimate semiconductor" Materials are of extremely important strategic significance in cutting-edge technology fields such as aerospace, artificial intelligence, and 5G. In addition, the application of diamond "color centers" in the fields of quantum computing and quantum communications, as well as the research and development of "deep elastic diamonds", are leading the development of cutting-edge science of diamond materials.
The word "king Kong" was originally a Buddhist term, and the word "diamond" in Chinese history can be traced back to the "Nanzhou Foreign Objects" written by Wanzhen in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The record of "Li Wuhu" shows that the ancients knew its indestructible characteristics and regarded it as a treasure. With the advancement of human science and technology, especially the maturity of synthetic diamond technology, diamond, an ancient crystal material, has given new vitality due to its excellent properties, and new application values have been discovered continuously.
At present, the scale of my country's synthetic diamond industry ranks among the top in the world. The domestic research team is using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to make continuous efforts to prepare large single crystals of inch size, centimeter thickness, and electronic quality, and lead the diamond industry. The upgrading and transformation of related industries such as growth equipment research and development, growth processing, device applications, etc., are moving to the world's leading level. (Zhu Jiaqi, Professor of Harbin Institute of Technology, PhD supervisor)